chuanxiong rhizome (rhizoma ligustici chuanxiong; chuan xiong)

promoting blood circulation and the flow of qi and eliminating wind to relieve pain.

red sage root (radix salviae miltiorrhizae; dan shen)

invigorating blood circulation, removing blood stasis, cooling the blood, treating carbuncles, and tranquilizing the disturbed mind by nourishing the blood.

motherwort (herba leonuri; yi mu cao)

invigorating blood circulation to remove blood stasis and relieving edema by inducing diuresis.

corydalis tuber (rhizoma corydalis; yan hu suo)

promoting blood circulation, invigorating the flow of qi and relieving pain.

curcuma root (radix curcumae; yu jin)

relieving pain by promoting blood circulation, soothing depressed liver by invigorating the flow of qi, clearing away heat in the blood and heart, and normalizing the gallbladder to treat jaundice.

safflower (flos carthami; hong hua)

invigorating circulation of blood, normalizing menstruation and eliminating blood stasis to relieve pain.

peach kernel (semen persicae; tao ren)

promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, moistening the bowels and relieving constipation.

achyranthes and cyathula root (radix achyranthis bidentatae et radix cyathulae; niu xi)

invigorating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis, reinforcing the liver and kidney, strengthening the tendons and bones, curing stranguria by inducing diuresis, and guiding the blood to go downwards.

pangolin scales (squama manitis; chuan shan jia)

clearing away obstruction in the channels by promoting blood circulation, stimulating milk secretion, subduing swelling, and promoting the drainage of pus.