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INTRODUCTION
¢ñ.
Development and Basic Theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine
1.Basic
Concepts and Theories
Development
of the Theoretical System
1
) Long-Term Accumulation of Medical Experience
2
) Infiltration of Ancient Natural Sciences
3
) Influence of Ancient Philosophy
II.
Basic Theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine
1.
Yin and Yang, Five Elements
2.
Visceral Manifestation Theory
3.
Qi, Blood, Body Fluid, and Vitality
4.
Meridian Theory
5.
Etiology and Pathogenesis
6..Pathological
Mechanism
7.
Principles of Treatment and prevention
III.
Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine
1.Holism
1
) The Body, an Organic Whole
a.
Physiological Aspect
b.
Pathological Aspect
c.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspect
2
) Unification of the Human and Natural World
a.
Physiological Aspect
b.
Pathological Aspect
c.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects
2.
Treatment Based Upon Syndrome Differentiation
CHAPTER
ONE YIN-YANG AND THE FIVE ELEMENTS
Section
1 The Theory of Yin-Yang
I.
The Basic Concept of the Theory of Yin-Yang
II.
Development of the Theory of Yin-Yang
III.
Generality and Relativity of the Yin-Yang Property
IV.
Basic Contents of the Yin-Yang Theory
1.
Opposition and Restriction between Yin and Yang
2.
Mutual Dependence and Interaction Between Yin and Yang
3.
Wane-Wax and Equilibrium Between Yin and Yang
4.
Mutual Transformation Between Yin and Yang
V.
The Applications of Yin-Yang Theory in TCM
1.
Explaining the Structure of the Body
2.
Explaining Physiology of the Body
3.
Explaining Pathology of the Body
4.
Application to Clinical Diagnosis and Syndrome Differentiation
5.
Guiding Clinical Treatment and Herb Application
Section
2 The Theory of Five Elements
I.
The Basic Concept of the Five Elements
II.
The Development of the Theory of the Five Elements
III.
The Property Attribution of the Five Elements
1.
Features of the Five Elements and Attribution Methods
2.
The Significance of the Attribution of the Five Elements
IV.
The Laws of Generation and Restraint, Interaction, Predominance-Recovery,
Over-Restraint, and Counter-Restraint Among the Five Elements
1.Inter-Generation
and Inter-Restraint among the Five Elements
2.
The Interaction and Predominance-Recovery among the Five Elements
1
) The interactive regulation among the Five Elements
2
) The predominance-recovery regulation among the five elements
3
) The inter-over-restraint and inter-counter-restraint among the five elements
V.
The Application of the Theory of the Five Elements in TCM
1.
Classifying the Body¡¯s Structure and Reflecting the Unity between the Internal
and External Environment
2.
Illustrating the Visceral Functions and Mutual Relationships
3.
Generalizing the Laws of Pathogenesis and Transmission
1
) Pathogenesis
2
) The transmission of disease
4.
Use in the Diagnosis and Treatment
1
) Controlling the disease transmission
2
) Determining Principles of treatment
CHAPTER
TWO VISCERAL MANIFESTATIONS
Section
1 Introduction
I.
Basic Concept of Visceral Manifestation
II.
The Basis of the Visceral Manifestation Theory
1.
Ancient Anatomical Knowledge
2.
A Long-term Observation of Physiological and Pathological Phenomena
3.
The Accumulation of Clinical Experiences
III.
The Main Content of the Viscera Manifestation Theory
IV.
The Characteristics of Visceral Manifestation Theory
V.
Common Physiological Characteristics of Zang-viscera and Fu-Viscera
Section
2 Five Zang-Viscera
I.
The Heart ( Appendix: Pericardium )
1.
Physiological Functions of the Heart
1)
Dominating the Blood Vessels
2)
Dominating the Mind
2.The
Relationship of the Heart to other Organs
1)
Manifestation in the Face
2)
Opening into the Tongue
3.
Physiological Characteristics of the Heart
1)
Dominating Yang-Qi
2)
Correspondence to Summer
Appendix:
Pericardium
II.
The Lung
1.
Physiological Functions of the Lung
1
) Domination of Qi
2)
A Place for Meeting of All Vessels and Coordination Function
3)
Domination of Dispersing and Depurative Descending
4)
Regulation of Water Metabolism
2.
The Relationship of the Lung to other Organs
1
) Correlating with the Skin and Hair
2
) Opening into the Nose
3
) The Throat as a Gateway of the Lung
3.
Physiological Characteristics of the Lung
1
) As a ¡°Florid Canopy¡±
2
) Being a ¡°Delicate Organ¡±
3
) Correspondence to Autumn
III.
The Spleen
1.
Physiological Function of the Spleen
1
) Dominating Transportation and Transformation
2
) In Charge of ¡° Sending up¡±
3
) Commanding the Blood
2.
The Relationship of the Spleen to other Organs
1
) Controlling the Muscles and Limbs
2
) Opening into the Mouth, and Manifestation on the Lips
3.
Physiological Characteristics of the Spleen
1
) Likeness of Dryness and Dislikeness of Dampness
2
) The Divot Point of Ascending and Descending Qi
3
) Correspondence to Late Summer
IV.
The Liver
1.Physiological
Functions of the Liver
1
) Domination of Conducting and Dispersing
a.
Regulating emotional activities
b.
Aiding digestion and absorption
c.
Promoting the Qi, Blood, and Water Flowing Normally
2)
Storing Blood
2.
The Relationship of the Liver to other Organs
1
) Dominating the Tendons, and Manifestation on the Nails
2
) Opening into the eyes
3.
Physiological Characteristics of the Liver
1
) As a Firm-characterized Organ
2
) Likeness of Flourish and Smooth, and Dislikeness of Depression
3
) Correspondence to Spring
V.
The Kidney ( Appendix: the Vital Gate )
1.Physiological
Functions of the Kidney
1
) Storing Essence, Dominating Growth, Development and Reproduction
2
) Dominating Water Metabolism
3
) Controlling the Reception of Qi
2.
The Relationship of the Kidney to other Organs
1
) Dominating Bones and Teeth, Engendering Marrow to Fill up the Brain
2
) Manifestations in the Hair
3
) Opening into the Ears, External Genitalia and Anus
3.
Physiological Characteristics of the Kidney
Appendix:
The Vital Gate
1.The
Right Kidney as the Vital Gate
2.The
Vital Gate Resides Between the Two Kidneys
3.The
Theory of the Vital Gate
4.The
Vital Gate as the Motive Power of Qi
Section
3 The Six Fu-Viscera
I.
The Gallbladder
1.
Storing and Excreting the Bile and Aiding Digestion
2.
Dominating Decision-Making and Relating with Emotions
II.
The Stomach
1.Receiving
of Drink and Food
2.
Decomposition of Food and Drink
3.
Dominating Descending for Maintenance of Health
III.
The Small Intestine
1.
Receiving and Absorbing the Food and Drink
2.
Separation of the Clear and the Turbid
IV.
The Large Intestine
V.
The Urinary Bladder
VI.
The Triple-Jiao
1.
In Charge of All Types of Qi
2.
Controlling Transformative Function of Qi
3.
Passage for Water-Fluids
4.
Representing Three Sections of the Human Body
1
) The Upper-jiao as a Fog-generator
2
) The Middle- jiao as a Fermentor
3
) The Lower-jiao as a Drainer
5.
A Concept in Differentiation of Syndrome
Section
4 Extraordinary Organs
I.
The Brain
II.
The Marrow
III.
The Bone
IV.
The Vessels
V.
The Uterus
1.
Producing Menses
2.
Cultivating the Fetus
Section
5 The Relationships between the Zang-Viscera and Fu-Viscera
The
Relationship Between the Zang-Viscera
I.
The Heart and the Lung
1
) Lung-Qi Aiding the Heart¡¯s Function of Propelling Blood
2
) Heart-Blood Transporting Lung-Qi
2.
The Heart and the Spleen
1
) Blood Formation
2
) Blood Circulation
3.
The Heart and the Liver
1
) Blood Circulation
2
) Mental and Emotional Activities
4.
The Heart and the Kidney
1
) The Harmony between the Heart and the Kidney
2
) The Essence and Blood Promoting Each Other
3
) Regulating Mental and Emotional Activities
5.
The Spleen and the Lung
1
) The Formation of Qi
2
) The Water Metabolism
6.
The Lung and the Liver
7.
The Lung and the Kidney
1
) Water Metabolism
2
) Respiration
3
) The Yin-Fluids of the lung and the Kidney Nourishing Each Other
8. The Liver and the Spleen1
1) Digestion
2) The Formation, Storage, and Circulation of the Blood
9. The Spleen and the Kidney
10. The Liver and the Kidney
1 ) Common Source of The Liver and Kidney
2) Coordination of Yin and Yang in the Liver and Kidney
II. The Relationships Between the Zang--Viscera and Fu-Viscera
1. The Heart and the Small Intestine
2. The Lung and the Large intestine
3.The
Spleen and the Stomach
1
) Coordination of Ingestion and Transportation and Transformation
2)
Complementary of Ascending and Descending
3)
Adjustment of Dryness and Dampness
4.The
Liver and the Gallbladder
5.The
Kidney and the Bladder
III.
The Relationships Among the Fu-Viscera
CHAPTER
THREE QI, BLOOD, BODY FLUID AND VITALITY
Section
1 Qi
I.
Concept of Qi
II.
Formation of Qi
III.
Physiological Functions of Qi
1.
Promoting Function
2.
Warming Function
3.
Defending Function
4.
Consolidating Function
5.
Transforming Function
IV.
Movements of Qi and Their Patterns
V.
Classification of Qi
1.
Primordial qi
1
) Composition and distribution
2
) Physiological Functions
2.
Pectoral qi
1)Composition
and Distribution
2)Physiological
Functions
3.Nutritive
Qi
1
) Composition and Distribution
2
) Physiological Functions
4..Defensive
Qi
1
) Composition and Distribution
2
) Physiological Functions
Section
2 Blood
I.
Concept of Blood
II.
Formation of Blood
III.
Physiological Functions
1.Nourishing
moistening Function
2.
Nourishing the Vitality
IV.
Blood Circulation
Section
3 Body Fluid
I.
Concept of Body Fluid
II
.Formation, Distribution and Excretion of Body Fluid
1..Formation
2.
Distribution
3.
Excretion
III.
Physiological Functions
Section
4 Relationships among Qi, Blood and Body Fluid
I.
Relationship Between Qi and Blood
1.
Hemopoietic Action of Qi
2.
Propelling Blood Action of Qi
3.
Consolidating Blood Action of Qi
4.
Blood Being the Mother of Qi
II.
Relationship Between Qi and Body Fluid
1.
Generating Fluid Action of Qi
2.
Circulating Fluid Action of Qi
3.
Consolidating Fluid Action of Qi
4.
Carrying Qi Action of Fluid
III.
Relationship Between Blood and Body Fluid
Section
5 Vitality
I.
Concept and Development of Vitality
II.
Mental Activities and Their Relation to Five Zang-Viscera
III.
Emotional Activities and Their Relation to Five Zang-Viscera
CHAPTER
FOUR MERIDIANS
Section
1 The Concept and Composition of the Meridians
I.
The Concept of The Meridians
II.
The Concept of The Meridian System
Section
2 The Twelve Regular Meridians
I.
Nomenclature and Names
II.
The Courses, Connections, Distributions, Interior-Exterior Relationships and
Cyclical Flow of Meridians
1.
Rules of Courses and Connections
2.
Rules of Distribution
3.
Interior-Exterior Relationships
4.
The Order of Cyclical Flow
Section
3 The Eight Extra Meridians
I.
The Characteristics and Functions of the Eight Extra Meridians
II.
The Functions of the Eight Extra Meridians
Section
4 Divergent Meridians, Collaterals, Meridian Tendon and Skin Areas
I.
Divergent Meridians
II.
Collaterals
III.
Meridian Tendons
IV.
Skin Areas
Section
5 The Physiology of Meridians and Application of Meridian Theory
I.
The Physiological Functions of Meridians and Collaterals
1.
Linking up the Exterior with the Interior and the upper with the Lower,
Connecting the Viscera and Organs
1
) The Connection of the Viscera with the Extremities
2
) The Connection of the Viscera with the Five Sense Organs and Nine Orifices
3)
The Connections Between the Viscera
4)
The Connections Between Meridians
2.
Circulating Qi and Blood, Nourishing the Viscera and Tissues
3.
Response and Conducting Functions
4.
Regulating the Balance.
II.
Application of Meridian Theory
1.
Explaining the Pathological Changes
2.
Guiding the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases
1
) Directing the Diagnosis of Diseases
2
) Guiding the Treatment
CHAPTER
FIVE ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
Section
1 Etiology
I.
The Six Climatic Evils
1.
Wind
2.
Cold
3.
Summer-Heat
4.
Dampness
5.
Dryness
6.
Fire (Heat )
II.
Pestilential Evils
III.
Seven Emotions
1.The
Relationship of The Seven Emotions to the Qi, Blood, and Viscera
2.
The Pathogenic Features of the Seven Emotions
1
) Directly Impairing the Viscera
2
) Affecting the Functions of the Visceral Qi
3
) Deteriorating Effects of Emotional Instability
IV.
Diet, Work and Rest
1.Improper
Food and Drink
1
) Over-Hunger and Over-Intake
2
) Unclean Food and Drink
3
) Food and Drink Preference
a.
Food and drink being too cold or hot
b.
Preference for particular flavors of food and drink
2.
Impairment due to Overstrain and Over-Ease
1
) Overstrain
2
) Over-Ease
V.
Trauma
VI.
Retention of Phlegm and Fluid and Stagnant Blood
1.Retention
of Phlegm and Static Fluid
2.
Stagnant Blood
Section
2 Pathogenesis
I.
The Basic Concepts of the Occurrence of Disease
II.
Principles of the Occurrence of Disease
1.
Disease----The Result of the ¡°Struggle Between the Genuine-Qi and the Evil-Qi¡±
1.¡°Deficiency
of the Genuine-qi¡±-----The Internal Cause of Disease
1
) When the Geuine-Qi Keeps Itself Inside the Body, the Evil-Qi will Be Unable to
Attack
2
) When the Evil-Qi Gets a Chance to Attack the Body, the Body¡¯s Genuine-Qi
Must Be Weak
3.
The Evil-Qi----The Important Condition of Disease
III.
Constitution, Mental State, Environment, Nutrition, and Physical
Activities---Their relation to Disease
1.
Constitution
2.
The Mental State
3.
Environment
4.
Nutrition and Physical Activities
IV.
The General Rule of the Occurrence and Development of Disease
1.
Pathogenic Routes and Pathogenic Sites
1
) The External Pathogenic Route
2
) The Internal Pathogenic Route
3
) Traumatic Pathogenic Route
2.
Development and Transmission of Disease
CHAPTER
SIX PATHOLOGICAL MECHANISM
Section
1 Basic Pathological Mechanism
I.
Prosperity and Decline of the Evil-Qi and the Genuine-Qi
1.
Prosperity and Decline of the Evil-Qi and the Genuine-Qi and Their Pathological
Changes in Deficiency and Excess
2.
Prosperity and Decline of the Evil-QI and the Genuine-Qi and the Development of
Disease
1
) Prevalence of the Genuine-Qi with Abatement of the Evil-Qi
2
) Preponderance of the Evil-Qi with Debilitation of the Genuine-Qi
II.
Imbalance Between Yin and Yang
1.Relative
Exuberance of Yin or Yang
1
) Exuberance of Yang
2
) Exuberance of Yin
2.
Relative Deficiency of Yin or Yang
1
) Deficiency of Yang
2
) Deficiency of Yin
3.
Mutual Impairment of Yin and Yang
1
) Impaired Yin Affecting Yang
2
) Impaired Yang Affecting Yin
4.
Repellency Between Yin and Yang
1
) Excessive Yin Repelling Yang or Upward Floating of Yang
2
) Excessive Yang Repelling Yin
5.
.Depletion of Yin and Yang
1
) Yang Depletion
2
) Yin Depletion
III.
Disturbance of Qi and Blood
1.Disturbance
of Qi
1
) Deficiency of Qi
2
) Disturbance of Activity of Qi
a.
Qi stagnation
b.
Reversed flow of Qi
c.
Qi sinking
d.
Qi blockage and qi collapse
2.
Disturbance of Blood
1
) Blood Deficiency
2
) Blood Stasis
3
) Over-Heat of the Blood
4)
Extravascular Flow of Blood
3.
Disturbances of Qi and Blood Interaction
1
) Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis
2
) Failure of Qi to Control Blood
3)
Qi Collapse Following Massive Bleeding
4)
Deficiency of Both Qi and Blood
5)
Qi and Blood Failing to Nourish Meridians
IV.
Abnormal Metabolism of Body Fluids
1.
Insufficiency of the Body Fluids
2.
Disturbance of Distribution and Excretion of Body Fluids
3.
Disturbance of Body Fluid and Qi and Blood
1
) Retention of Body Fluid and Obstruction of Qi
2
) Qi Collapse Following Massive Loss of Body Fluids
3
) Exhaustion of body Fluids and Blood
4)
Deficiency of Body Fluid and Blood Stasis
Section
2 The Pathological Mechanism of Exogenous Febrile Diseases
I.
Pathological Mechanism of the Six Meridians
1.
Pathological Mechanism of Taiyyang Disease
2.
Pathological Mechanism of Yangming Disease
3.
Pathological Mechanism of Shaoyyang Disease
4.
Pathological Mechanism of Taiyyin Disease
5.
Pathological Mechanism of Shaoyyin Disease
6.
Pathological Mechanism of Jueyyin Disease
II.
Pathological Mechanism of Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue
1.
Pathological Mechanism of Wei-Stage
2.
Pathological Mechanism of Qi-Stage
3.
Pathological Mechanism of Ying-Stage
4.
Pathological Mechanism of Xue-Stage
III.
Pathological Mechanism of Triple-Jiao
1.
Pathological Mechanism of Upper-Jiao Damp-Heat
2.
Pathological Mechanism of Middle-Jiao Damp-Heat
3.
The Pathological Mechanism of Lower-Jiao Damp-Heat
Section
3 The Pathological Mechanism of the Five Endogenous Evils
I.
Wind-Qi Stirring Within
1.
Transformation of Liver-Yang into Wind
2.
Extreme Heat Causing Wind
3.
Yin Deficiency Causing Wind
4.
Blood Deficiency Causing Wind
II.
Endogenous Cold
III.
Damp-Turbidity Encumbered Within the Body
IV.
Impairment of Body Fluids Transformed into Dryness
V.
Endogenous Fire-Heat
Section
4 Pathological Mechanisms of the Zang-Viscera and Fu-Viscera
I.
Pathological Mechanism of the Five Zang-Visera
1.
Pathological Mechanism of the Heart
1
) Disorder of Heart-Yang and Heart-Qi
a.
Excess of the heart yang-qi
b.
Deficiency of the heart yang-qi
2
) Disturbance in Heart-Yin and Heart-Blood
a.
Insufficienal of heart-yin
b.
Impairment of Heart-blood
c.
Stagnation of heart-blood
2.
Pathological Mechanism of the Lung
1
) Abnormality of Lung-Qi
a.
Disorders of lung-qi dispersing and depurative descending
b.
Insufficiency of Lung-qi
2
) Disorder of Lung-Yin
3.
Pathological Mechanism of the Spleen
1
) Disorder of Spleen-Yang and Spleen-Qi
a.
Deficiency of spleen-qi
b.
Deficiency of spleen-yang
c.
Water accumulating in middle-jiao
2
) Disorder of Spleen-Yin
4.
Pathological Mechanism of the Liver
1
) Disorders of Liver-Yang and Liver-Qi
a
.Stagnation of liver-qi
b.
Transverse inversion of liver-qi
c.
Flaming up of the liver-fire
2
) Disturbance of Liver-Yin and Liver-Blood
a.
Insufficiency of liver-blood
b.
Hyperactivity of liver-yang
c.
Stirring of the liver wind
5.
Pathological Mechanisms of the Kidney
1
) Insufficiency of the Essence-Qi in the Kidney
a.
Deficiency of the kidney-essence
b.
Unconsolidation of kidney-qi
2
) Disturbance of Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Yang
a.
Deficiency of kidney-yin
b.
Deficiency of kidney-yang
c.
Hyperactivity of ministerial fire
II
Pathological Mechanisms of Six Fu-Viscera
1.
Pathological Mechanisms of the Gall Bladder
2.
Pathological Mechanism of the Stomach
1
) Disturbance of the Stomach Yang-Qi
2
) Disturbance of Stomach-Yin
3.
Pathological Mechanism of the Small Intestine
4.
Pathological Mechanism of the Large Intestine
5.
Pathological Mechanism of the Urinary Bladder
6.
Pathological Mechanism of Triple-Jiao
III
Pathological Mechanism of Extraordinary Organs
1.
Pathological Mechanism of the Brain
2.
Pathological Mechanism of the Marrow and Bones
3.
Pathological Mechanism of the Vessels
4.
Pathological Mechanism of the Uterus
1
) Disorder of Qi and Blood Leading to Dysfunctions of the Uterus
2
) Dysfunctions of the Heart, Spleen and Kidney leading to the Dysfunctions of
Uterus
3
) Disorder of Chong and Ren Meridians Leading to the Dysfunctions of Uterus
CHAPTER
SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
Section
1 Prevention
I
Prevention of the Occurrence of Diseases
1.
Taking Physical Exercises and Building up a Good Physique
2.
Taking Care of the Body, Avoiding Over-exertion
3.
Tranquilizing the brain and Keeping Optimistic
4.
Herbs Used for Medicinal Prevention
II
Prevention of Progresses of Diseases
Section
2 Principles of Treatment
I
Treating the Root and Distinguishing the Primary vs the Secondary and Urgent vs
Less urgent
1.
Distinguishing Root vs Branch, Urgent vs the Less Urgent
1
) Treating the Branch First in Emergency Case
2
) Treating the Branch in Less Urgent Case
3
) Treating the Root and the Branch Simultaneously
2.
Routing Treatment and Contrary Treatment
II
Strengthening the Genuine-Qi and Eliminating the Evil-Qi, Correctly Handling the
Relationship Between Them
1.
Strengthening the Genuine-qi to Dispel the Evil-qi
2.
Removing the Evil-qi to Help the Genuine-qi
3.
Eliminating First and then Tonifying
4.
Tonifying First and then Eliminating
5.
Elimination and Reinforcement in Combination
III.
Paying attention to the Integrity, Correctly Handling the Relationship Between
the Local and the Whole
1.Regulating
Yin and Yang
1
) Reducing the Redundant
2
) Reinforcing the Deficient
2.
Regulating Functions of Viscera
3.
Regulating Qi and Blood
IV.
Treatments in Correspondence to Seasons, Geographical Environment and
Individuality
1
) Treatment in Correspondence to Seasons
2
) Treatment in Correspondence to Geographical Environment
3 ) Treatment in Correspondence to Individuality
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