|
¡¡
Overview of the Development of
Zhongjing School in Hunan Province
¡ª¡ªAcademic
Report on the First Zhongfang International TCM Forum
By Professor Hu Fanglin & Professor Liu Xianju
(Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha
City, Hunan Province)
¡¡
Check
the video on Yoku
or
check
the video on Youtube
Zhang Ji, also called Zhang Zhongjing, a famous medical
scientist in the Eastern-han dynasty (A.D. 25 to 220), wrote
Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous
Diseases with 16 rolls. The later generations respectively
compiled it into Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Formula
Discussion On Synopsis of Golden Chamber. These two
important Chinese medical classics were known as ¡°the Father of
Medical
Formulary¡±. Zhang Zhongjing
was also regarded as the Medical Sage of China. Since Zhang
Zhongjing was the governor of Changsha city, he is also called
¡°Zhang Changsha¡±; while his
medical
formulary also known as
¡°Changsha Formulary¡±. In the process of later generations¡¯
research and development on Zhongjing theory, different academic
schools were formed. Even on this basis, local Zhongjing¡¯s
schools with unique characters appeared. There were many
scholars studying on
Treatise
on
Febrile
Diseases and Synopsis of
Golden Chamber. During the period of Republic of China
(1912-1949), four kinds of editions of Zhongjing¡¯s books were
found. The ancient Hunan edition of Treatise on Exogenous
Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases found by Liu
Kunxiang in Jiangxi Province aroused great influence on modern
studies on typhoid fever. For a long time, Zhongjing School of
thought in Hunan province has not been valued in the field of
medicine, so I make a brief introduction about it as follows. 1.
Textual research on publication of Hunan medical scientists on
Zhongjing theory.
Mr. Hao Shi verified that in the 7th year of Jian An
period (A.D. 202), after Liu Biao attacked and occupied the
Changsha city, Zhang Zhongjing was appointed as the governor of
Changsha city, and left the beautiful story of ¡°medical practice
in the lobby of office¡±. In 18th year of Jian An
period (A.D. 213), Zhang Zhongjing wrote the classic of
Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous
Diseases. Just scattered parts of this book were found, the
famous Dr. Sun Simiao expressed regrets in his book
Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies: ¡°All
medial physicians in south China failed to teach Zhongjing¡¯s
prescriptions.¡± It is a pity. The concept of Medical Masters in
South China made people to concern over it. The so-called ¡°south
China¡±, where is it? Referring to Zhang Zhongjing as Zhang
Changsha, we think that the so-called ¡°south China¡± must include
the current Hunan province. Therefore, we can say that
Zhongjing¡¯s theory originated and became mature in Hunan
province. According to the record of the Theory of Hunan
Medical Origin, since the Song dynasty (A.D. 960-11276),
there were 35 kinds of Hunan physicians¡¯ research works on
Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of Golden Chamber, but most of them were lost.
2. Modern education pays attention to pass on knowledge of
Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous
Diseases and Synopsis of Golden Chamber, and develop
and expand Zhongjing theory.
Since the modern times, western medicine widely spread in our
country, while TCM and its education faced challenges of western
medicine. Many TCM scholars absorbed knowledge of western
medicine and education science so as to adapt to the new
historical condition. In order to inherit and rescue the medical
science of our country, many people established a few TCM
schools. In 1896, Zhu Yungu in Changsha City took the lead in
setting up Le Quan Hospital; in 1923, Zheng Xiucheng established
Min Dao Medical School. The most successful one was Hunan
National TCM Technical College, which was founded in 1934, while
suspended in 1941. It was the predecessor of Hunan University of
Chinese Medicine. The goals of school were to sort out theories
of TCM with scientific methods as well as to cultivate TCM
specialists.
3. Contributions to the protection and development of Theory of
Zhang Zhongjing in the special period in Hunan province during
modern times
In the early Republic of China (1912-1949), Liu Shizhen, a
famous physician in Hunan province, in a valley during his
travel in Jiangxi province met an old man, whose name is Zhang.
This old man gave him a
treasured
private
copy
of Treatise on Exogenous
Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases. His offspring,
Lou Zhongmai proofread it; the book was published
lithographically in Changsha city in 1932. The book was
transcribed and published by Mr. He Jian. It was Changsha
Ancient Copy, also called Xiang Ancient Copy. He Jian
(1887-1956), also called Yun Quan, Yun Jiao or Rong Yuan, a man
from Liling district of Changsha area, as the chairman of Hunan
Province Government during 1927 to 1937. This person was in
political malfeasance, but he liked traditional cultures. He
also was interested in TCM and he advocated reading classics. In
1931, he donated 10 thousands taels of silver, and commanded Wan
Qianqing to prepare and set up the Hunan TCM hospital. He chose
a house as its site at No. 56, Shahe street, Changsha city. At
that time, there were institutes and branch institutes in that
hospital. When Hunan TCM School was founded, he donated more
than 1000 taels of silver. After its foundation, he always
offered economic assistance, visited the school, made speeches,
and gave admonitory advices to his subordinate people. In 1934,
Hunan TCM School was approved to participate in military
training in Nan Yue Mountain as other schools. Under the
historical condition at that time, He Jian¡¯s deed for the
inheritance of TCM and promotion of Zhongjing Theory were
relatively rare in China. Therefore, research and inheritance of
Zhongjing Theory in Hunan province became common practices.
Hunan physicians annotated Treatise on Exogenous Febrile
Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases and Synopsis of
Golden Chamber with finely investigated textual research.
They presented the opinions of pathomechanism and pathogenesis
of typhoid, ways of transformation as well as treatment
determination based on syndrome differentiation, and created new
prescriptions and finally produced Zhongjing School with unique
Hunan regional characters. Sometime ago, we have done some basic
study. Even though the works were insufficient, it deserves
further research to promote the prosperity of the academic
schools of TCM.
More>>> |
|
